Competence: 6.2. Describe the main economic activities, which include kegiataan consumption, production, and distribution of goods / services
After reading in this module is expected that readers can understand:
• Understanding and various economic activities
• Understanding of consumption and type of goods consumed by students and families
• Establishing the priority scale as the needs of students
• positive aspects and negative person's consumption behavior
• Factors that influence the consumption of someone
In everyday life we are always faced with the activities related to the economy. Any things we need most people to judge the material (money). Well at this meeting I will discuss the Main Economic Activities.
Did the children whether economic activity? Economic activity is all work or human effort to make ends meet. But in principle that economic activities can be grouped on three principles, whatever behold ..............
1. Konsomsi 2. Production
3. Distribution Very true ...........
Now let us learn more about what is consumption? What is production? And what is the distribution?
Okay .. Do you know what is consumption?
Consumption is a human activity used to produce either meemenuhi need goods or services. Or in other words, consumption can also be interpreted as reducing activity or spending to the value of goods or services in order to meet the needs. While those who perform the activities referred to consumer consumption. The children's consumption has the objective to obtain the highe
st satisfaction, to meet or achieve prosperity prosperity, to make ends meet, and to generate value to the goods or services. While consumer behavior that contains positive aspects and negative aspects.
If consumer behavior has positive aspects include:
* Motivated to increase their income to buy goods or services for more and better quality
* Able to create a market for producers
* If the producers can increase production jobs manambah
* If employment increases could reduce unemployment
* Consumer behavior also encourage manufacturers to improve technology in the production.
While consumer behavior that contains negative aspects include:
* Reduce the opportunity to make savings
* If the savings are also low, low investment
* And if the lower investment income is also low
* Consumer behavior tend to forget the needs of the future
* Hidaup spree raises social jealousy.
Basically, consumptive patterns are influenced by factors; age, gender, education level, the price of goods or services, culture, employment, number of family, income, religion, neighborhood and lifestyle. Usually the higher the income the more money spent, there is also a tetapai left to savings. In accordance with the formula of income Y = C + S. Then why are encouraging people to make the consumption of certain goods or services is called the motive of consumption. Motif consumption itself there are four types namely: unutk profit, to get recognition, to help others, and raising ingain position. The children consumed by household consumption is the form most concrete or complex. Source of family income comes from his own business, working on the other side, and the results of his own.
How to manage household consumption in the family, among others;
* Develop a family budget
* Recorded expenditure of money
* Reduce or minimize the expenses
* Looking for additional income
* Take into account spending by the guidelines; appropriate, timely, appropriate pricing, and the right quality or quality, and
* Save or set aside income for not consumed.
From here our kids know the difference factor affecting consumer actor visits from family size was influenced by expenditures; education level, family size, income level, the price level of goods, and social status. The factors that affect household consumption seen from the difference of consumption; education level, age, income, social status, number of families, onsumen attitudes and behavior, and residential consumers. In order to later income can be used properly and can be to achieve the requirements necessary to use a scale of priorities is to develop in accordance with the needs of their importance and time of fulfillment.
The children now let us continue with the second economic activity of production. Production is the human activity to produce or add value to the goods or services. So from here we can see that production there are two elements that we can understand that: the elements of activities that produce goods and services, and elements of activity to change the form of goods, so it can manambah use value of goods or services. While children who do activities that produlsi called producers.
Now let us see what the purpose of production; Oh was the first one is to maintain business continuity by increasing the production process continuously. The second is meigkatkan quality, quantity, and venture capital. Then the third is utuk meet consumption needs or the community. And the last is to increase business profits by way of production costs.
Already understand children ............ If you already know let's continue to study the factors of production (production resources). Do you know what the factors of production? Factor of production is the objects or tools used to create, produce or increase the benefits of an object or service.
The factors of production itself consists of:
1. Natural input
2. Labor input
3. Capital input, and
4. Production factors entrepreneurship (business / skills).
Children need to know that the factors of production can not stand alone, but must be combined. therefore, let us discuss more terici more about the factors of production.
The first natural production factors. Do you know what it natural production factors?
Natural production factors are all objects / tools or resources provided by nature and can be utilized in the production process. Now the factors of production such natural melilputi; land, minerals, water, and air. The second is the labor input of all physical activity and Rokhani or the human mind that can be used to produce goods or services. Labor input is often also referred to human resources. While the human resource itself can be grouped according to their nature and quality. If human resources are by their nature include; labor Rokhani (thought) and physical labor. Sadangkan if human resources based on its quality include; educated labor (skilled labor), skilled labor (trained labor), and uneducated labor (unskilled labor) and not erlatih (untrained labor). Now the third is the capital input of any object or item that prosuksi results can be used to assist the process of further production. You need ketaui that capital does not have to be money but can also shape the goods. Now the function of the capital itself to produce and improve or expand production. So more and more capital used in production processes, then the more goods or services that will be generated. Capital itself is the children can be differentiated according to various perspectives, namely: according to his form of money and goods, then according to the shape is no such thing as real capital goods and money, and no such thing as abstract capital as skills, personality, intelligence, expertise and more. Next is based on the source of capital consists of own capital and borrowed capital. Hold capital based on its current capital consists of such raw materials, fuel, etc. stationery. and fixed capital such as buildings, machinery, offices, vehicles, computers and much more. Then the last is based on the function of capital including private capital such as stocks, deposits, etc., and jeembatan social capital, roads, hospitals etc.. Now the latter are the factors of production namely entrepreneurial ability a person or persons to integrate natural production factors, labor and capital to produce goods or services in return for a profit or loss. the children there a character named Mc Clelland suggested that an entrepreneur must have the properties include; always looking for opportunities, tenacious, holding promise, always oriented to the quality and efficiency, dare to take risks, able to set goals, be able to plan and effective supervision, able to convince and organize work, and confident.
Already understand children? If you already know, let us learn about the management of economic resources
Did the children that in the management of economic resources it needs to consider the name of cultural values, beliefs and habits of economic ethics. including by preventing pollution, conserving production factors and the use of alternative input. This means that we are in the use of economic resources should suber environmentally friendly. The children than about the management of economic resources that producers should also consider the increasing number and quality of production. Why is that? Because the increase in the number and quality of production so producers can memperlluas products. So from here we know that the expansion of production is an attempt by producers to increase the number and improve the quality of production. Did the children that there are things that encourage manufacturers to conduct production activities. Is it? Here it is; the first is increasing and the number and type of community needs, the second is the existence of community needs baarang damaged and should be replaced or added new; hold the third is the desire to always improve their living standards.
The children that the expansion of production can be done in various ways:
1. Extensification of production is expanding efforts taken by adding one or more factors of production used
2. Intensification is an attempt to expand production by adding production factors are used without increasing the number of input
3. Specialization is the production company's business by doing the division of labor in a more narrow scale4. Automation is the business expansion of production by using machines or electronic devices to replace or facilitate manpower
5. Deiversifikasi is replaced with a road production to diversify production.
Already understand children?
The children now let us continue with a third of economic activity is distribution. What is the distribution? Who knows?
Distribution is facilitating the distribution of goods from producers to consumers through the process of buying and selling. Yes you are absolutely right. Did the children that people who do activities that distribution is called a distributor. Now let us see what it's production goals; The first is to accelerate production in the hands of consumers The second is to achieve a spread of products to consumers in an equitable The third is to maintain continuity or production activities konstinuitas The fourth is to improve and expand the quality and quantity of production, and the fifth is to stabilize the price of goods. The children in this case the distribution was done by; agents, large traders (wholesalers), medium pedangan, handles retail, dealers, and cooperatives. So that the distribution itself is useful to place excessive load can prevent the decline of prices, and for the lack of good places to prevent price increases. Your children know that the ways used to deliver goods to a consumer product called the distribution system, and the distribution system itself there are three, namely: direct distribution, the distribution of semi-direct, and indirect distribution.
The children of a distributor that has tasks as follows:
1. Purchase goods
2. Sales
3. Organize storage
4. Conducting transportation
5. Implement campaign
6. Conducting standardization, and
7. Conduct packaging.
From this we know that the distributor is not easy to do distribution, so distributors should have the distribution channels. And the distribution channel is the flow of goods and services from producers to consumers. Now how do I get the flow of goods and services can be up to the consumer? then the distribution should be no advertising or publicity also called Advertisement.
Now the kids now you already know what it's main economic activities, therefore I will give the question:
1. What is the economic activity?
2. State the kinds of basic economic activities? And explain!
3. Jot down the priority scale you need in one month!
4. What are the factors that influence a person need?
5. What is the purpose of consumption a person to do?
